Clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis

G.-L. Teng, Q. Huang, L. Xu, J.-Y. Chi, C. Wang, H. Hu

Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China. maoyaoyu510619@163.com

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• Infectious Diseases
• Respiratory Medicine

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to explore the clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Through a retrospective analysis of 3,000 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis history or active pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis in the inpatient department of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shandong Provincial Public Health Clinical Center from January 2017 to January 2021, 70 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis were selected and diagnosed. In addition, 70 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis without other fungal infections in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis were analyzed by multi-factor logistic analysis, and the clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis were analyzed by collecting the basic information of patients, drug use of pulmonary tuberculosis, imaging characteristics, past medical history, and test indicators.

RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that the single risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis were: the types of pulmonary tuberculosis (initial diagnosis or previous reexamination), hormone application time, antibiotic application time (rifampicin), hemoptysis/sputum blood, C-reactive protein, and pulmonary cavity were significantly correlated with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis (p-value <0.05). The proportion of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis was higher than that of patients with simple pulmonary tuberculosis in the follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis, the time of antibiotics application ≥ 1 month, the time of hormone application ≥ 1 week and C-reactive protein. The incidence of hemoptysis/blood in sputum in the clinical symptoms of pulmonary aspergillosis group (24/70) was higher than that of simple pulmonary tuberculosis group (20/70), and the difference was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in the two indexes of “hormone application time ≥ 1 week” and “antibiotic application time ≥ 1 month” (p-value < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Hemoptysis/blood in sputum can be considered as the main clinical feature of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis. The main risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis were the application time of antibiotics ≥ 1 month and the application time of hormones ≥ 1 week.

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