Declarations and Final Statements

Presentation of Manuscripts

Authors must submit manuscripts that are not published, in press, or submitted to other scientific journals, books, or other venues that could be considered formal publication. However, the journal accepts submissions of articles previously posted on preprint servers (e.g., BioRxiv). The correspondence for each article must be carried on by the corresponding author, who must provide an institutional and verified email address. Articles without this requirement will not be considered for evaluation or publication.

The submission must contain:

COVER LETTER: Author(s) for correspondence who submit manuscripts to Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci must provide a Cover Letter that briefly details the article’s relevance to the journal’s audience and how the article advances understanding of the field.
TITLE PAGE: The title page must contain the Authors’ names, appointments and affiliations, along with the full contact details of the Corresponding Author, including their current e-mail addresses. Authors must add their ORCID ID account (a unique identifier number for authors) to easily identify authors’ previous works. A full (max 150 characters) and running title (max 60 characters) should be given, plus 5-10 keywords for indexing purposes. Keywords must not include any word that is already present in the title.
ABSTRACT*: The Abstract should count a maximum of about 300 words. It should be organized into sections using the following headings: background or objectives; materials and methods or case report/presentation (in case reports); results; conclusions. A structured abstract is not required for narrative reviews. The abstract is not required for Letter to the Editors and Editorials.
MAIN TEXT, TABLES AND FIGURES
REFERENCES: References should be numbered in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text and should be located in superscript using Arabic numbers and without parenthesis.

Document File Formats for Submission

Authors should submit their article as a unique word document (.doc, .docx), including all the aforementioned sections (except for figure files). Article pages should be numbered consecutively by inserting the page number (in Arabic numerals) at the bottom of each page. Authors must add continuous line numbering throughout the document in order to facilitate the review process and subsequent author revisions.

Artificial Intelligence

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences allows using Artificial Intelligence for proofreading and grammar checking. Authors must disclose the use of artificial intelligence or any assistive technologies for text revisions in both the cover letter and a statement in a specific section at the end of the manuscript.

Article Length and Word Count

There are no mandatory limits on word count or number of pages, tables, figures and references. However, the editorial recommendation is that authors write concisely. For original articles, the main text should be no more than 6,000 words long (not including abstract, references and figure legends). Original articles should not contain more than 60 references. Review articles should be between 4,000 and 8,000 words in length (not including Abstract, References and Figure legends). Review articles should contain up to 100 references. The journal reserves the right to reconsider this limit by evaluating each article individually.

Exceptions apply for the main text of Editorials with maximum length: 10,000 words with up to 20 references and 2 tables and/or figures.

Submission Checklist for Authors

Authors can use this list to carry out a final check of their submission before they send it to the journal for review:

Cover letter;
Copyright transfer agreement;
Title page, including Full title, Running head, Author names, affiliations and emails, and Corresponding Author information, including ORCID ID;
Abstract;
Keywords;
Main text;
References;
Figures (including figure legends);
Tables (including table legends);
Final statements.

How to structure your article

Title page, Abstract, and Keywords

Title: Full title should be concise and informative. Abbreviations and formulae should not be included in the title. The title should be no more than 150 characters (including spaces).
Running head: A running title must be supplied and should not exceed 60 characters.
Authors’ names and affiliations: The title page must include the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author, along with authors’ affiliations below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a superscript number immediately after the author’s name and before the corresponding affiliation. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, the email address and ORCID ID of each author. Please note that European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences takes a neutral position with respect to territorial claims in institutional affiliations.
Corresponding Author: Authors must indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing, publication and post-publication. Ensure that the Corresponding Author title(s) and credentials, degree(s) (e.g., MD, Ph.D), affiliation(s) and postal and email addresses are given and that contact details are kept up to date by the Corresponding Author.
Abstract: The abstract should count a maximum of about 300 words. It should be organized into sections using the following headings: background or objective; materials and methods or case report/presentation (in case reports); results; conclusions. A structured abstract is not required for narrative reviews. *The Abstract is not required for Letter to the Editors and Editorials.
Keywords: Five to ten keywords should be supplied immediately after the abstract. Authors should use American spelling and avoid general and plural terms as well as multiple concepts (e.g., avoid “and”, “of”). Only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be included in the keyword list. Keywords must not include any words that are already present in the title.
Graphical abstract: Authors must provide a graphical abstract that summarizes the article contents in a pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a broad readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system (Publishing Manager). The graphical abstract should be submitted in high quality .TIFF format.

Main Text

The main text of the articles should be organized into the above-mentioned sections: Introduction (or Background), Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, References.

Each section of the text should respect the following guidelines:

Introduction (or Background).
Materials and Methods: New experimental procedures and protocols should be described in detail. Conversely, well-established methods can be briefly described but appropriately cited. The materials and analysis should provide robust information to allow replication of the study. Study design should be described in detail, and descriptions of reagents and equipment should facilitate replication. The Methods section must contain a declaration confirming the approval of the research by a local, regional, or national review entity (such as an ethics committee or institutional review board) and adherence to the Helsinki Declaration, the Regulation (EU) No. 536/2014 and the pertinent national laws of the country involved. This section must also include details about how informed consent was obtained from the patients.• Human studies: Provide a detailed explanation of how participants, whether healthy individuals, patients, or controls, are selected for observational or experimental purposes. Human studies must adhere to CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines to ensure transparent and comprehensive reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This should include clear criteria for eligibility and exclusion, as well as a description of the source population. Specify which sex(es) were included in the study. If the study involved only one sex, justify this choice and clarify whether the findings are expected to apply to other sexes. If sex was not considered a biological variable, explicitly mention this in the paragraph.

• Animal studies: Research involving animals should adhere to globally recognized standards and to the ARRIVE guidelines for documenting experiments involving live animals. Animal species/strain, sex, source (vendor name, location), age range, weight and any additional data should be indicated. Please note that we encourage the use of both male and female animals. The use of single-sex should be scientifically justified.

• Data collection: In the case of DNA/RNA quantification methods, they must be well described in terms of calculation and references adopted to enable researchers’ access to the raw data. The oligonucleotides sequence, as well as the PCR protocols, should be described in detail in the manuscript. DNA, RNA, and protein sequences used in the manuscript should be provided with an accession number. Instruments used must be accompanied by their model’s name, city, state and country of manufacture in round brackets. The clone’s name and source of monoclonal antibodies should be reported. If omics data are submitted (RNA sequencing, etc.), they must be deposited in a database repository and indicated in the text.

• Cell lines: Authors are required to describe the source of the cell line, as well as the method used for authentication, in the Materials and Methods section.

• Statistical methods: Statistical methods must be clearly described for original articles based on pre-clinical and clinical studies. Statistical methods and software program(s) must be described in enough detail in a specific paragraph (Statistical Analysis) in order to enable a knowledgeable reader to access the original data to verify the results. The statistical methods and statistical software program(s), as well as the version used should be described.

Results. The result section can be organized in subsections.
Discussion.
Conclusions.

References

References must be supplied at the end of each manuscript and numerically listed in the reference list in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text and should be located in superscript using Arabic numbers and without parenthesis.

When reporting the reference numbers in the text, authors must follow these rules: “1-2” must be written as “1,2”. Authors must insert “-” only in the presence of more than two consecutive numbers. For example: “1,2,3,4,5,6” must be written as “1-6”.

For each reference, all authors must be listed (do not use et al.), together with year without month of publication. Delete the number of the single issue after the volume number.

Examples:

CORRECT: Garcia-Contreras M, Brooks RW, Boccuzzi L, Robbins PD, Ricordi C. Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic tools for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21: 2940-2956.
INCORRECT: Garcia-Contreras M, Brooks RW, Boccuzzi L, Robbins PD, Ricordi C. Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic tools for type 1 diabetes mellitus. EurRevMedPharmacolSci 2017;21:2940-2956.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences does not accept the publication of text referring to “data not shown” or “unpublished data”. When referring to papers that have been accepted for publication but are not yet available, they should be indicated as “in press” or “forthcoming”.

Web References

The full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any additional information, if known (e.g., author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references should be included in the reference list. Authors must carefully check the appropriateness of the references before submitting the manuscript.

Figures

Figures must be supplied as a separate file, with the figure number incorporated in the file name (e.g., Figure 1.jpg). Figures must not be embedded in the main text. Figures must be numbered consecutively in the text in Arabic numerals (e.g., Figure 1). European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences accepts high-resolution figures in the following formats:

Graphic Files (Figures)

Video Files

• GIF
• TIF (or TIFF)
• EPS
• PNG
• JPG (or JPEG)
• BMP

• Quicktime

• MPEG

• AVI

For line figures: lines should be solid, the text should be presented in a standard font and not blurred, and the overall illustration/image should be sharp and clear. Authors should avoid using tints if possible; if they are essential to the understanding of the figure, try to make them coarse.

Figures displaying data using graphs should be presented as scatter plots, with lines indicating the mean and either standard deviation (SD) or standard error of the mean (SEM). Simple bar graphs showing only mean ± SEM values are generally not allowed. Instead, authors should overlay scatter plots onto bar graphs to illustrate the reproducibility of independent biological replicates within the data. Additionally, the mean ± SD values should be reported to clearly convey the distribution and variability of the data.

As a reminder, if the electronic files are viewed at 400% on the computer screen and look blurred or pixelated, they are not of sufficient quality for printing.

Figure legends must be included in the main text of the manuscript (immediately after the reference list), but not in the figure file. Figure legends should also include a list of abbreviations, if needed.

Original Images of Blots and Gels

To uphold the integrity and scientific validity of blotting techniques, i.e., Western blots and the reporting of gel data, authors are required to upload original, uncropped, and unadjusted images as Supporting Information files when submitting their manuscript initially.

Therefore, it is mandatory to include a zip folder containing all original images in .TIFF format (or equivalent). Authors are required to label each original image to correspond with the figures in the main article.

Therefore, it is strongly suggested to include either a single PDF file or a zip folder containing all original images featured in the manuscript figures and, if applicable, supplementary figures. Authors are required to label each original image to correspond with the figures in the main article.

Furthermore, all experimental samples and controls used for comparative analysis should be run on the same blot/gel image, and the practice of splicing together different images to depict results should be avoided.

Requirements for Reuse of Published Figures

If an author of a submission is re-using a figure or figures published elsewhere, or that is copyrighted, the author must provide documentation that the previous publisher or copyright holder has given permission for the figure to be re-published. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences editors consider all material in good faith that their journal has full permission to publish every part of the submitted material, including illustrations.

Tables

Tables and table legends should be contained in a separate Word file. Tables should be self-contained and understandable without reference to the text, and they should not duplicate the information which is already included in the text. Tables must be numbered consecutively in the text in Roman numerals (e.g., Table I) and must be cited in the text.

Tables must be supplied in their original, editable format (preferably Microsoft Word). Tables uploeaded as images or illustrations (e.g., tables in .jpg, .tif or other image formats) are not accepted. All abbreviations included in the tables must be defined in the footnotes. Tables and table footnotes can include superscript references at the author’s discretion.

Footnote symbols: †, ‡, §, ¶, should be used and *, **, *** should be reserved for p-values. Statistical measures (such as SD or SEM) should be defined in the Table heading.

Gene Nomenclature

Sequence variants should be described in the text and tables using both DNA and protein designations whenever appropriate. Sequence variant nomenclature must follow the current HGVS guidelines; see http://varnomen.hgvs.org/, where examples of acceptable nomenclature are provided. Gene names must be written in italics.

Declarations and Final Statements

All manuscripts must contain the following required statements at the end of the paper:

Conflict of Interest: All authors must disclose any personal and financial relationships with other people or organizations that could influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests include consultancies, employment, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications and registrations, and grants or other funding. Example of authors’ declaration of personal interests: (i) [Name of individual] has served as a speaker, a consultant and an advisory board member for [names of organizations] and has received research funding from [names of organization]. (ii) [Name of individual] is an employee of [name of organization]. (iii) [Name of individual] owns stocks and shares in [name of organization]. (iv) [Name of individual] owns patent [patent identification and brief description]. If authors do not have conflicts of interest to disclose, they should include the following sentence in this section: “The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose”.
Funding: In this section, authors must list any funding source and funding interests.
Authors’ contributions: For transparency, authors are requested to provide a short paragraph indicating the individual contribution of each author following CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy).

• Example: [Author Name 1]: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation.

• [Author Name 2]: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Review & Editing.

• [Author Name 3]: Supervision, Funding Acquisition, Project Administration.

Data availability statement: Authors must provide a statement about data availability in their articles containing original data. Data availability statements can take one of the following forms (or a combination of more than one of the following forms):

• The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the repository [NAME], [PERSISTENT WEB LINK TO DATASETS].

• The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due [REASON WHY DATA ARE NOT PUBLICLY AVAILABLE] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

• Data sharing does not apply to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

• The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

• All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and/or its supplementary material].

Copyright Transfer Agreement

Authors are required to sign a Copyright Transfer Agreement (click to download PDF) for all papers accepted for publication. The signature of the CTA is mandatory for publication. By signing this agreement, the authors hereby transfer and assign to the Publisher all copyrights and related rights in and to the submitted work, allowing the Publisher to share and disseminate the published content under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) license (for more information, please refer to the Licensing policy). To assist Authors, an appropriate CTA form is supplied by the editorial office. The original completed Copyright Transfer Agreement must be signed by all authors and sent by email to submission.europeanreview@verduci.it or uploaded to Publishing Manager during the submission procedure.

Third-Party Permission

When submitting a manuscript, authors must ensure that it does not contain any material protected by copyright without proper authorization. Any use of third-party content (defined as material not originally created by the authors, such as figures, photos, illustrations, tables, schemes, graphs, charts, or tools) requires prior permission from the copyright holder (usually the original publisher or the authors).

Permission is required in particular for:

Any previously published material (including photographs and figures), even if originally created by the authors but for which the publisher holds copyright.
The use of unchanged or minimally altered tables, graphs, charts, or schemes from published sources.
Images obtained from the internet, as they are typically protected by copyright unless explicitly declared free to use. If image credits are required, they must be clearly stated in the figure caption.

Conversely, no permission is required for reconstructing an author’s own table using previously published data, provided the original data source is correctly cited.

Once obtained, documents certifying permission to use third-party material must be provided to the Editorial Office and sent to submission.europeanreview@verduci.it for archiving purposes.

Authors’ guidelines