A systematic review of recent advances in urinary tract infection interventions and treatment technology

M.S. Alam, M.J. Anwar, M.S. Akhtar, P. Alam, A.A.S. Mohammad, A.F. Almutairy, A.S. Nazmi, T.K. Mukherjee

Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Bosher-Muscat, Oman. m.anwar@qu.edu.sa

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• Urology

OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common extraintestinal infectious diseases encountered in clinics. It affects both genders and all age groups and constitutes a major health issue in clinical practice worldwide. Uropathogens often develop resistance to therapeutic agents, creating a formidable challenge for physicians to treat these infections. The goal of the current review is to provide current information on therapeutic advancements and interventions in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were used as search engines to collect the relevant articles, and the required information was extracted.

RESULTS: Research data suggest an increasing prevalence of pathogenic strains that are resistant to standard antimicrobial regimens recommended for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Targeted therapies for urinary tract infections, such as mannosides and pilicides, as well as vaccinations against uropathogenic Escherichia coli, have been developed recently. The efficacy of other strategies like iontophoresis, hydrogel-coated catheters, and antibiofilm therapy is also investigated. Clinical trials conducted between 2014 and 2019 show a rise in interest in a variety of therapies, highlighting the need for a thorough strategy to treat urinary tract infections, particularly in populations of women.

CONCLUSIONS: Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Escherichia coli are becoming more common in urinary tract infections, which have led to the development of targeted medicines such as mannosides and pilicides, as well as immunizations against the pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. There is continuing research into alternate approaches, such as hydrogel-coated catheters, antibiofilm therapy, and iontophoresis. Clinical trials conducted between 2014 and 2019 showed a rise in interest in these different treatment approaches.

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